During the physiological response to stress, which hormone is released?

The correct answer encompasses both cortisol and adrenaline, which are critical hormones released during the physiological stress response. During periods of stress, the body activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Cortisol plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure, ensuring that the body has enough energy and resources to deal with the stressor.

Simultaneously, the adrenal medulla releases adrenaline (also known as epinephrine), which prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response. This hormone increases heart rate, expands air passages, and boosts energy availability, facilitating a quick reaction to imminent threats.

Together, cortisol and adrenaline enable the body to effectively respond to stress by enhancing physiological functions that support survival and recovery. Their coordinated action highlights the intricate nature of the stress response, making the combination of both hormones essential to understanding how the body copes with stressors.