What effect does cortisol have on inflammation?

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and it plays a critical role in the body's response to stress, including inflammatory responses. One of the primary functions of cortisol is to suppress inflammation. It achieves this by inhibiting the production and function of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing the activity of immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages, and limiting the release of chemicals that promote inflammation.

By doing so, cortisol helps to maintain homeostasis in the body and prevent excessive inflammatory responses that could lead to tissue damage. The anti-inflammatory effects of cortisol are particularly beneficial in managing conditions characterized by chronic inflammation, such as autoimmune diseases and allergic reactions.

Understanding the role of cortisol in inflammation is essential, especially in clinical contexts where inflammation needs to be controlled to prevent further complications.