What is the primary function of the nephron in the human body?

The primary function of the nephron in the human body is the filtration of blood and excretion of waste products. Nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidneys, perform critical tasks in maintaining homeostasis, including the regulation of water, electrolyte balance, and waste removal.

Each nephron consists of a glomerulus, where blood filtration occurs. This filtration process allows for the removal of waste products, such as urea and creatinine, from the blood while retaining essential substances like glucose and amino acids. Following filtration, the nephron reabsorbs valuable substances and water back into the bloodstream through its tubular system, ultimately producing urine that is excreted from the body. This process is essential for maintaining the body's internal environment and preventing the buildup of harmful substances.