What is the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

Glial cells play a crucial role in the nervous system primarily through their function to support and protect neurons. Unlike neurons, which are responsible for generating and transmitting nerve impulses, glial cells provide essential support in various ways. They help maintain the homeostasis of the neuronal environment, supply nutrients to neurons, and assist in the repair and maintenance of neuronal tissue.

Glial cells also contribute to the formation of the myelin sheath around axons, which facilitates faster signal transmission along neurons. Additionally, they are involved in the immune response within the central nervous system, ensuring protection against pathogens and debris clearance. This multifaceted support system is essential for neuronal health, functioning, and overall nervous system performance.