What part of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

The dendrite is the part of the neuron that is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other neurons. Dendrites are branched projections that extend from the cell body of the neuron, and they play a crucial role in the transmission of information within the nervous system. When other neurons release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, these chemicals bind to receptors located on the dendrites, leading to a change in the electrical potential of the receiving neuron. This process is essential for the communication between neurons, allowing them to transmit signals effectively.

In contrast, the axon transmits the electrical impulse away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles, while the cell body contains the nucleus and acts as the metabolic center of the neuron. The myelin sheath is a protective layer that insulates the axon, enhancing the speed of signal transmission but is not involved in receiving signals. This distinction highlights the specific functions of different parts of the neuron, illustrating why dendrites are vital for signal reception.