Which cells are considered the structural units of the nervous system?

Neurons and glial cells indeed serve as the structural units of the nervous system. Neurons are the primary signaling cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. They communicate via electrical and chemical signals, forming the fundamental basis for how the nervous system operates, including sensory perception, motor coordination, and cognitive functions.

Glial cells, while not directly involved in transmitting signals, provide essential support and protection for neurons. They play roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin (which insulates axons and enhances signal transmission), and providing structural support. The combination of neurons and glial cells ensures that the nervous system can function effectively, making them integral to its structure and operation.

In contrast, other cell types listed, such as osteocytes and chondrocytes, are related to the skeletal system, while red and white blood cells are integral to the circulatory and immune systems. Cardiac and smooth muscle cells relate to the muscular system, where they facilitate movement by contracting. Therefore, while those other cell types are crucial in their respective systems, they do not play a structural role in the architecture of the nervous system.